Photo by Can We Trust Our Fitness Trackers?
The idea of quantifying every aspect of our lives has been gaining popularity in recent years. Wearable devices that track our heart rate, steps taken, calories burned, and sleep patterns have become increasingly common. In fact, according to the World Health Organization, at least half the people in any given room are likely wearing a device that quantifies some aspect of their lives [1]. However, have you ever stopped to think about the accuracy of these devices?
A Closer Look at the Research
Recently, a group of researchers, including Corey Gaskin, Maximus Baldwin, Alison Keogh, Brian Caulfield, and Rob Argent, conducted a systematic review of studies on wearable devices to determine their accuracy [2]. While the results showed that wearables can measure heart rate with an error rate of plus or minus 3 percent, discrepancies were larger for energy expenditure, with error margins ranging from minus-21.27 percent to 14.76 percent.
The study also found that wearables tend to overestimate total sleep time and sleep efficiency, typically by more than 10 percent. Additionally, they tend to underestimate sleep onset latency and wakefulness after sleep onset, with errors ranging from 12 percent to 180 percent.
What Does This Mean for Us?
The rapid pace at which new wearable devices are released exacerbates the issue of accuracy. By the time a study is published, the device under investigation is likely to already be obsolete, replaced by a newer model with potentially different specifications and performance characteristics.
A heart rate graph showing the difference in accuracy between a wearable device and a more accurate method.
This highlights the need for a more formalized and standardized approach to the validation of wearable devices. We need to be able to trust that the data provided by these devices is accurate, in order to make informed decisions about our health and wellbeing.
Conclusion
Wearable devices are here to stay, but it’s essential that we approach the data they provide with a critical eye. By recognizing the limitations and inaccuracies of these devices, we can take steps to ensure that they are used responsibly and effectively.
In order to do this, we need to work together to establish a collaborative network that can foster a richer, multifaceted dialogue that resonates with a broad spectrum of stakeholders [3]. This includes manufacturers, researchers, and users of wearable devices, all working together to ensure that wearables are not just innovative gadgets but reliable tools for health and wellness.
References:
[1] World Health Organization. (n.d.). Physical activity. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity
[2] Gaskin, C., et al. (n.d.). Published an umbrella review. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666653X22000043
[3] University College Dublin. (n.d.). A collaborative network. Retrieved from https://www.ucd.ie
